Madaidaicin Sanyi Zane Tube
Babban aikace-aikace: Motoci, babura, kayan sanyi, sassan hydraulic, bearings, cylinders pneumatic, da sauran abokan ciniki waɗanda ke da manyan buƙatu don daidaiton bututun ƙarfe, santsi, tsabta, da kaddarorin inji.
1, Babban alama na talakawa sumul karfe bututu ne cewa ba shi da wani welded kabu kuma zai iya jure mafi girma matsa lamba.Samfurin na iya zama mai taurin kai kamar-siminti ko sassa da aka zana sanyi.
2, Madaidaicin bututun da aka zana sanyi shine galibi rami na ciki, kuma girman bangon waje yana da tsananin haƙuri da rashin ƙarfi, kuma daidaito yana da girma sosai.
Ƙunƙarar sanyi (ko ƙarancin zafin jiki) na ƙaƙƙarfan bututun ƙarfe mai haske da sanyi mai birgima yana bayyana ta tauri-gaggawa zafin canjin yanayin Tc.Babban ƙarfe mai tsabta (0.01% C) yana da Tc na 100C, kuma an yi shi gaba ɗaya ƙasa da wannan zafin jiki.Yawancin abubuwa masu haɗawa a cikin bututun ƙarfe mai haske na sanyi-birgima suna ɗaga zafin jujjuyawar zafin jiki mai tsananin sanyi na bututun ƙarfe mai haske da haɓaka yanayin sanyi.Lokacin da karaya ya wuce zafin ɗaki, karyewar bututun ƙarfe mai haske mai sanyin sanyi shine karaya, kuma idan ya karye a ƙananan zafin jiki, karaya ce.
Dalilan ƙananan zafin jiki na sanyi-birgima madaidaicin bututun ƙarfe mai haske sune:
(1) Lokacin da dislocations generated da dislocation tushen a lokacin nakasawa aka katange da cikas (kamar hatsi iyakoki, na biyu daidai), da danniya na gida ya wuce ka'idar ƙarfi na sanyi-birgima madaidaicin haske karfe bututu da kuma haifar da microcracks.
(2) Matsalolin da aka toshe da yawa suna haifar da microcrack a iyakar hatsi.
(3) Halin da aka yi a mahaɗin maɗaurin zamewa guda biyu (110) yana haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna %26lt;010%26gt;, wanda ke da siffa ce mai siffa, wanda zai iya tsaga tare da jirgin sama mai tsagewa (duba Hoto 1b).
Abubuwan da ke ƙara ƙarfin sanyi na bututun ƙarfe mai haske mai haske mai sanyi sune:
(1) Maɗaukakin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi bayani.Phosphorus yana ƙara ƙarfin jujjuyawar zafin jiki mafi ƙarfi;akwai kuma molybdenum, titanium da vanadium;lokacin da abun ciki ya yi ƙasa, yana da ɗan tasiri, amma lokacin da abun ciki ya yi girma, abubuwan da ke ƙara yawan zafin jiki mai ƙarfi-raguwa shine silicon, chromium da jan karfe;rage taurin-karguwa Yanayin jujjuyawa shine nickel, kuma zafin jujjuyawar tauri shine manganese.
(2) Abubuwan da suka kafa kashi na biyu.Mafi mahimmancin kashi don rashin ƙarfi na sanyi-birgima daidaitaccen bututun ƙarfe mai haske tare da lokaci na biyu shine carbon.Tare da haɓakar abun ciki na carbon a cikin bututun ƙarfe mai haske mai sanyi-birgima, abun ciki na pearlite a cikin bututun ƙarfe mai haske mai sanyi yana ƙaruwa, tare da matsakaicin haɓakar 1% na ƙarar pearlite.Matsakaicin tauri-raguwa ya karu da 2.2°C akan matsakaita.Hoto 2 yana nuna tasirin abun cikin carbon a cikin ƙarfe na ferrite-pearlite akan gatsewa.Bugu da ƙari na microalloying abubuwa kamar titanium, niobium da vanadium za su samar da tarwatsa nitrides ko carbonitrides, haifar da tauri-gaggautsa zafin jiki na sanyi-birgima madaidaicin haske karfe bututu zuwa tashi.
(3) Girman hatsi yana rinjayar tauri-raguwa zafin canjin yanayi.Yayin da ƙwaya ta yi ƙarfi, zafin sauye-sauye na tauri yana ƙaruwa.Tatar da hatsi yana rage sanyi ga rashin ƙarfi na bututun ƙarfe mai haske da aka yi birgima, wanda hanya ce ta ko'ina.
