Hannun Karfe Bakin Karfe
Ka'idojin flange na duniya galibi suna da tsarin guda biyu, wato tsarin flange na Turai wanda DIN Jamus ke wakilta (ciki har da tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet) da tsarin flange na bututun Amurka wanda ke wakilta ta bututun ANSI na Amurka.Bugu da ƙari, akwai flanges na bututun JIS na Japan, amma ana amfani da su ne kawai a ayyukan jama'a a cikin tsire-tsire na petrochemical, kuma suna da ɗan tasiri a duniya.Yanzu gabatarwar flanges na bututu a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban shine kamar haka:
1. Turawa tsarin bututu flanges wakilta Jamus da tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet
2. American tsarin bututu flange matsayin, wakilta ANSI B16.5 da ANSI B 16.47
3. Biritaniya da Faransanci bututu ma'auni, kowane daga cikin kasashen biyu yana da biyu casing flange matsayin.
A taƙaice, ana iya taƙaita ka'idodin flange na bututu na duniya a matsayin tsarin flange daban-daban guda biyu daban-daban kuma waɗanda ba za a iya musanya su ba: ɗaya shine tsarin flange na bututun Turai wanda Jamus ke wakilta;ɗayan yana wakiltar tsarin flange na bututun Amurka na Amurka.
IOS7005-1 misali ne wanda Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don daidaitawa ta yi a cikin 1992. Wannan ma'auni shine ainihin ma'aunin flange na bututu wanda ya haɗu da jerin nau'i biyu na flanges daga Amurka da Jamus.
1. Raba da abu:
Karfe Karfe:ASTM/ASME A234 WPB, WPC
Alloy:ASTM/ASME A234 WP 1-WP 12-WP 11-WP 22-WP 5-WP 91-WP911, 15Mo3 15CrMoV, 35CrMoV
Bakin Karfe:ASTM/ASME A403 WP 304-304L-304H-304LN-304N ASTM/ASME A403 WP 316-316L-316H-316LN-316N-316Ti ASTM/ASME A403 WP 321-321H ASTM
Ƙarfe mara ƙarancin zafin jiki:ASTM/ASME A402 WPL3-WPL 6
Karfe mai girma:ASTM/ASME A860 WPHY 42-46-52-60-65-70 Cast karfe, gami karfe, bakin karfe, jan karfe, aluminum gami, filastik, argon leaching, PVC, PPR, RFPP (ƙarfafa polypropylene), da dai sauransu
2. Dangane da hanyar samarwa, ana iya raba shi zuwa turawa, latsawa, ƙirƙira, jefawa, da dai sauransu.
3. Bisa ga ma'auni na masana'antu, ana iya raba shi zuwa ma'auni na kasa, daidaitattun lantarki, ma'auni na jirgin ruwa, ma'auni na sinadarai, daidaitattun ruwa, daidaitattun Amurka, Jamusanci, Jafananci, Rashanci, da dai sauransu.
