Kashi na 1 -Aikin sanyimutukarfe
Cold aiki mutu karfe hada da kyawon tsayuwa ga masana'anta naushi da yankan (blanking da naushi kyawon tsayuwa, trimming molds, punches, almakashi), sanyi kai molds, sanyi extrusion molds, lankwasawa kyawon tsayuwa, da waya zane molds, da dai sauransu.
1. Yanayin aiki da bukatun aiki don aikin sanyimutu karfe
A lokacin aiki na aikin sanyimutu karfe, saboda babban juriya na nakasawa na kayan da aka sarrafa, sashin aiki na ƙirar yana ɗaukar babban matsin lamba, lanƙwasa ƙarfi, ƙarfin tasiri, da ƙarfin juzu'i.Saboda haka, dalili na yau da kullun na goge kayan aikin sanyi shine gabaɗaya saboda lalacewa da tsagewa.Har ila yau, akwai lokuta da suke kasawa da wuri saboda karaya, rugujewar ƙarfi, da nakasar da ta wuce haƙuri.
Idan aka kwatanta da yankan kayan aiki karfe, aikin sanyimutu karfeyana da kamanceceniya da yawa.Ana buƙatar ƙirar don samun babban tauri da juriya, ƙarfin lanƙwasawa, da isasshen ƙarfi don tabbatar da ingantaccen ci gaba na tsarin tambari.Bambanci ya ta'allaka ne a cikin hadaddun sifa da fasaha na sarrafawa na mold, da kuma babban yanki na rikici da babban yiwuwar lalacewa, yana da wuya a gyarawa da niƙa.Saboda haka, ana buƙatar juriya mafi girma.Lokacin da mold ke aiki, yana ɗaukar matsa lamba mai yawa kuma yana da wuyar haɗuwa da damuwa saboda hadadden siffarsa, don haka yana buƙatar babban tauri;Model yana da girman girma da siffa mai rikitarwa, don haka yana buƙatar ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙananan nakasawa, da ƙima.A takaice, buƙatun don taurin kai, juriya, da taurin aikin sanyimutu karfesun fi waɗanda na yankan kayan aiki karfe.Duk da haka, abubuwan da ake buƙata don taurin ja suna da ƙananan ƙananan ko kuma ba a buƙata ba (saboda an kafa shi a cikin yanayin sanyi), don haka an kafa wasu nau'o'in karfe masu dacewa da kayan aikin sanyi, irin su ci gaba da juriya mai girma, micro nakasawa. aikin sanyimutu karfekuma high tauri sanyi aikimutu karfe.
2. Zaɓin darajar ƙarfe
Yawancin lokaci, bisa ga yanayin amfani da kayan aikin sanyi, zaɓin ma'aunin ƙarfe za a iya raba shi cikin yanayi huɗu masu zuwa:
①Ctsofaffin ƙirar aiki tare da ƙananan girman, siffa mai sauƙi, da nauyi mai sauƙi.
Misali, ana iya yin ƙananan naushi da almakashi don yankan faranti na ƙarfe da ƙarfe na kayan aikin carbon kamar T7A, T8A, T10A, da T12A.Fa'idodin wannan nau'in karfe shine;Kyakkyawan aiwatarwa, farashi mai arha, da tushe mai sauƙi.Amma illolinsa sune: ƙarancin ƙarfi, rashin juriya mara kyau, da babban nakasar kashewa.Sabili da haka, ya dace ne kawai don kayan aikin masana'antu tare da ƙananan ƙananan, siffofi masu sauƙi, da nauyin nauyi, da kuma kayan aiki masu sanyi waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙananan hardening Layer da high tauri.
② Kayan aikin sanyi tare da manyan girma, sifofi masu rikitarwa, da nauyi mai haske.
Nau'in ƙarfe da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da ƙananan kayan aikin yankan kayan aiki kamar 9SiCr, CrWMn, GCr15, da 9Mn2V.Diamita quenching na waɗannan karafa a cikin mai na iya kaiwa sama da 40mm gabaɗaya.Daga cikin su, karfe 9Mn2V wani nau'in aikin sanyi nemutu karfeci gaba a kasar Sin a cikin 'yan shekarun nan wanda ba ya dauke da Cr.Yana iya maye gurbin ko wani sashi maye gurbin karfe mai dauke da Cr.
Halin haɓakar carbide da ƙarancin ƙima na ƙarfe na 9Mn2V sun fi na CrWMn karfe, kuma yanayin decarburization ya fi na 9SiCr ƙarfe, yayin da ƙarfin ƙarfi ya fi na ƙarfe kayan aikin carbon.Farashinsa kusan kashi 30% ne kawai ya fi na baya, don haka darajar karfe ce ta haɓaka da amfani.Koyaya, karfe 9Mn2V shima yana da wasu kurakurai, kamar ƙarancin tasiri mai ƙarfi da fashewar abin da aka samu a samarwa da amfani.Bugu da kari, da tempering kwanciyar hankali ne matalauta, da kuma tempering zafin jiki kullum ba ya wuce 180 ℃.Lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi a 200 ℃, ƙarfin lanƙwasawa da taurin suna fara nuna ƙarancin ƙima.
9Mn2V karfe za a iya kashe a quenching kafofin watsa labarai tare da in mun gwada da m sanyaya iya aiki kamar nitrate da zafi mai.Ga wasu gyare-gyare tare da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun nakasawa da ƙananan buƙatun taurin, ana iya amfani da quenching austenitic isothermal quenching.
③ Kayan aikin sanyi tare da manyan girma, hadaddun sifofi, da kaya masu nauyi.
Dole ne a yi amfani da ƙarfe mai matsakaici ko babban gami, kamar Cr12Mo, Crl2MoV, Cr6WV, Cr4W2MoV, da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da ƙarfe mai sauri.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yanayin yin amfani da ƙarfe mai sauri a matsayin kayan aikin sanyi yana karuwa, amma ya kamata a nuna cewa a wannan lokacin, ba a yi amfani da ƙarfin ja na musamman na ƙarfe mai sauri ba, amma maimakon girman taurinsa da juriya mai girma.Sabili da haka, ya kamata kuma a sami bambance-bambance a cikin tsarin maganin zafi.
Lokacin amfani da ƙarfe mai sauri a matsayin ƙirar sanyi, ƙarancin zafin jiki ya kamata a yi amfani da shi don haɓaka tauri.Alal misali, da aka saba amfani quenching zafin jiki na W18Cr4V karfe sabon kayan aikin ne 1280-1290 ℃.Lokacin yin sanyi aiki kyawon tsayuwa, ya kamata a yi amfani da low zafin jiki quenching a 1190 ℃.Wani misali shine W6Mo5Cr4V2 karfe.Ta hanyar yin amfani da ƙarancin zafin jiki, za a iya inganta rayuwar sabis sosai, musamman ta hanyar rage yawan asarar.
④ Ƙaƙƙarfan aiki na sanyi waɗanda ke da nauyin tasiri kuma suna da raƙuman ruwa na bakin ciki.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, abubuwan da ake buƙata na nau'ikan nau'ikan sanyi guda uku na farko sun mutu ƙarfe sun fi girma juriya, don haka ana amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi na carbon hypereutectoid har ma da ƙarfe na ledeburite.Koyaya, don wasu aikin sanyi ya mutu, kamar yankan hasumiya na gefe da rashin kashewa ya mutu, waɗanda ke da haɗin gwiwa na bakin ciki kuma suna da tasirin tasiri yayin amfani, ana buƙatar ƙarfin tasiri mai ƙarfi.Domin warware wannan sabani, ana iya ɗaukar matakai kamar haka:
Ⅰ-rage abun ciki na carbon kuma yi amfani da ƙarfe na hypoeutectoid don kauce wa raguwa a cikin taurin karfe wanda ke haifar da carbides na farko da na biyu;
Ⅱ-Ƙara abubuwan haɗin gwal kamar Si da Cr don haɓaka kwanciyar hankali da zafin jiki na ƙarfe (zazzabi a 240-270 ℃) yana da amfani ga cikakken kawar da damuwa da haɓaka aiki ba tare da rage taurin ba;
Ⅲ-Ƙara abubuwa kamar W don samar da carbides masu jujjuyawa don tace hatsi da haɓaka tauri.Karfe da aka saba amfani da shi don tsaurin sanyi mai aiki mai ƙarfi sun haɗa da 6SiCr, 4CrW2Si, 5CrW2Si, da sauransu.
3. Hanyoyi don Cikakkun Amfani da Ƙarfa na Ƙarfe Mai Aiki na Cold Work
Lokacin amfani da nau'in nau'in nau'in Cr12 ko ƙarfe mai sauri a matsayin kayan aiki mai sanyi, babbar matsala ita ce ƙarancin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, wanda ke da wuyar fashewa yayin amfani.Don yin wannan, ya zama dole don tsaftace carbide ta amfani da isassun hanyoyin ƙirƙira.Bugu da kari, ya kamata a samar da sabbin maki karfe.Ya kamata a mayar da hankali kan haɓaka sabbin maki na ƙarfe don rage abubuwan da ke cikin carbon da adadin carbide da ke ƙirƙirar abubuwa.
Cr4W2MoV karfe yana da abũbuwan amfãni irin su high taurin, high lalacewa juriya, kuma mai kyau hardenability.Yana kuma yana da kyau tempering kwanciyar hankali da kuma m inji Properties.Ana amfani da masana'anta silicon karfe takardar mutu, da dai sauransu Yana iya ƙara da lifespan fiye da 1-3 sau idan aka kwatanta da Cr12MoV karfe.Koyaya, kewayon zafin ƙirƙira na wannan ƙarfe yana da kunkuntar, kuma yana da saurin fashewa yayin ƙirƙira.Ya kamata a sarrafa zafin ƙirƙira da ƙayyadaddun aiki.
Cr2Mn2SiWMoV karfe yana da ƙananan zafin jiki, ƙananan nakasawa, da ƙarfin ƙarfi.An san shi da iska quenched micro deformationmutu karfe.
7W7Cr4MoV karfe iya maye gurbin W18Cr4V da Cr12MoV karfe.Halinsa shine cewa rashin daidaituwa na carbides da taurin karfe sun inganta sosai.
Sashe2 -Aiki mai zafimutu karfe
1. Yanayin aiki na kayan aiki masu zafi
Zafafan gyare-gyaren aiki sun haɗa da ƙirƙira guduma, gyare-gyare masu zafi mai zafi, da gyare-gyaren simintin gyare-gyare.Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, babban halayyar yanayin aiki na kayan aiki mai zafi shine haɗuwa da ƙarfe mai zafi, wanda shine babban bambanci daga yanayin aiki na kayan aiki na sanyi.Don haka, zai kawo matsaloli guda biyu kamar haka:
(1) The surface karfe na mold rami ne mai tsanani.Yawancin lokaci, a lokacin da hammering mutu suna aiki, da surface zafin jiki na mutu rami iya isa a kan 300-400 ℃, da zafi extrusion mutu zai iya kai a kan 500-800 ℃;Zazzabi na rami-simintin simintin gyare-gyare yana da alaƙa da nau'in simintin simintin mutuwa da yawan zafin jiki.Lokacin da baƙin ƙarfe ya mutu-simintin gyare-gyare, zafin rami na mold zai iya kaiwa sama da 1000 ℃.Irin wannan yanayin zafi mai yawa na amfani zai rage taurin saman ƙasa da ƙarfi na kogon ƙura, wanda zai sa ya yi saurin naɗewa yayin amfani.Ainihin aikin da ake bukata don zafimutu karfebabban juriya ne na thermoplastic, gami da taurin zafin jiki mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi, da juriya mai ƙarfi na thermoplastic, wanda a zahiri yana nuna babban kwanciyar hankali na ƙarfe.Daga wannan, ana iya samun hanyar farko ta alloying hot die karfe, wato, ƙara alloying abubuwa kamar Cr, W, Si iya inganta tempering kwanciyar hankali na karfe.
(2) Thermal kasala (fashewa) faruwa a saman karfe na mold cavity.Halayen aiki na gyare-gyare masu zafi suna tsaka-tsaki.Bayan kowane nau'in ƙarfe mai zafi, saman ramin ƙura yana buƙatar sanyaya ta kafofin watsa labarai kamar ruwa, mai, da iska.Saboda haka, da aiki jihar na zafi mold ne akai-akai mai tsanani da kuma sanyaya, sabõda haka, da surface karfe na mold rami zai sha maimaita thermal fadada, wato, akai-akai hõre tensile da matsa lamba.A sakamakon haka, saman da mold cavity zai fashe, wanda ake kira thermal gajiya.Saboda haka, na biyu na asali yi da ake bukata domin zafimutu karfean sa gaba, wato yana da tsayin daka na gajiyar zafi.
Gabaɗaya magana, manyan abubuwan da ke shafar juriyar gajiyar thermal na ƙarfe sune:
① The thermal watsin karfe.Ƙarfe mai girma na thermal conductivity na iya rage digiri na dumama a saman karfe na mold, game da shi rage hali na karfe zuwa thermal gajiya.Gabaɗaya an yi imani da cewa zafin ƙarfin ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana da alaƙa da abun ciki na carbon.Lokacin da abun ciki na carbon yana da girma, ƙarancin wutar lantarki yana da ƙasa, don haka bai dace ba don amfani da babban ƙarfe na carbon don aikin zafi.mutu karfe.Ƙananan abun ciki na carbon carbon matsakaici (C0.3% 5-0.6%) ana yawan amfani dashi wajen samarwa, wanda zai iya haifar da raguwa a cikin taurin da ƙarfin karfe kuma yana da lahani.
② Tasirin mahimmin mahimmanci na karfe.Yawancin lokaci, mafi girman mahimmancin mahimmanci (Acl) na karfe, ƙananan yanayin gajiyar zafi.Don haka, mahimmancin batu na karfe yana haɓaka gabaɗaya ta ƙara abubuwan haɗakarwa Cr, W, Si, da gubar.Ta haka inganta thermal gajiya juriya na karfe.
2. Karfe don yawan amfani da kayan aikin zafi mai zafi
(1) Karfe don yin guduma ya mutu.Gabaɗaya magana, akwai manyan batutuwa guda biyu game da amfani da ƙarfe don ƙirƙira guduma.Da fari dai, ana ɗaukar nauyin tasiri yayin aiki.Sabili da haka, ana buƙatar kayan aikin injiniya na ƙarfe don zama babba, musamman don juriya na lalata filastik da tauri;Dalili na biyu shi ne cewa girman sashe na ƙerarrun guduma yana da girma sosai (<400mm), wanda ke buƙatar babban ƙarfin ƙarfe don tabbatar da tsarin microstructure iri ɗaya da aikin gabaɗayan mutu.
Ƙwararrun ƙera guduma da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da 5CrNiMo, 5CrMnMo, 5CrNiW, 5CrNiTi, da 5CrMnMoSiV.Daban-daban iri-iri na hammer ido molds ya kamata a yi amfani da daban-daban kayan.Don girman guduma babba ko babba ya mutu, 5CrNiMo an fi so.Hakanan ana iya amfani da 5CrNiTi, 5CrNiW, ko 5CrMnMoSi.5CrMnMo karfe yawanci ana amfani dashi don ƙarami da matsakaicin girman guduma ƙirƙira ya mutu.
(2) Karfe da ake amfani da zafi extrusion molds, da kuma aiki halayyar zafi extrusion molds ne jinkirin loading gudun.Saboda haka, dumama zafin jiki na mold rami ne in mun gwada da high, yawanci har zuwa 500-800 ℃.Abubuwan buƙatun aiki don irin wannan nau'in ƙarfe yakamata ya fi mayar da hankali kan ƙarfin zafi mai ƙarfi (watau kwanciyar hankali mai ƙarfi) da juriya na gajiya mai zafi.Abubuwan buƙatun AK da taurin za a iya saukar da su daidai.Gabaɗaya, girman nau'ikan gyare-gyaren zafi yana ƙarami, sau da yawa ƙasa da 70-90 mm.
Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da 4CrW2Si, 3Cr2W8V, da 5% Cr nau'in aikin zafimutu karfes.Daga cikin su, 4CrW2Si za a iya amfani dashi azaman aikin sanyimutu karfeda zafi aikimutu karfe.Saboda amfani daban-daban, ana iya amfani da hanyoyin magance zafi daban-daban.Lokacin yin sanyi molds, ƙananan quenching yanayin zafi (870-900 ℃) da kuma low ko matsakaici zazzabi tempering magani ake amfani;Lokacin yin gyare-gyare masu zafi, ana amfani da zafin jiki mafi girma (yawanci 950-1000 ℃) da kuma yanayin zafi mai zafi.
(3) Karfe don simintin simintin gyare-gyare.Gabaɗaya, abubuwan da ake buƙata na ƙarfe don ƙirar simintin simintin gyare-gyaren sun yi kama da waɗanda ke da kyawu mai zafi, tare da kwanciyar hankali mai ƙarfi da juriya na thermal shine babban buƙatun.Don haka nau'in karfe da aka saba amfani da shi gabaɗaya iri ɗaya ne da ƙarfen da ake amfani da shi don ƙera zafi mai zafi.Kamar yadda aka saba, ana amfani da ƙarfe kamar 4CrW2Si da 3Cr2W8V.Duk da haka, akwai bambance-bambance, irin su amfani da 40Cr, 30CrMnSi, da 40CrMo don ƙananan narkewar Zn alloy die-casting molds;Don ƙirar simintin simintin Al da Mg, 4CrW2Si, 4Cr5MoSiV, da sauransu.Don ƙirar simintin simintin gyare-gyaren Cu alloy, karfe 3Cr2W8V galibi ana amfani da shi.
KwararrenMutu SkarfeSupplier - Jinbaicheng Metal
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Lokacin aikawa: Juni-21-2023